IS INTERNET BASED HEALTH PROMOTION EFFECTIVE IN PROMOTING SAFE SEX AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE (STI)

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1. Learning Outcomes

1. Critically evaluate a range of healthcare research, using criteria such as consistence with evidence, logic, reliability and validity.

2. Construct a reasoned argument in analysing the contribution of competing theories and methodological approaches to investigate and explain issues and/or ‘problems’, and propose novel formulations of ideas.

3. Demonstrate critical, ethical and reflective understanding of the implications of research in health promotion and public health.

4. Effectively use a range of communication and information technologies to analyse and critically evaluate complex information and data, producing an advanced standard of written work in the form of a critical literature review.


• Weighting: 100%
• Word count or equivalent: 8000
• Assessment criteria:
• These express the criteria against which achievement of the learning outcomes will be assessed
• Detailed assessment Guidelines
• Acknowledgement.
• Abstract
• INTRODUCTION: (400 words).
• This needs to answer specific questions:
• a). What? - The introduction must begin by clearly explaining what the dissertation is about. Identify in your own words what is required in the assessment brief given above.
• b). Why? - Elucidate why the topic under consideration is of significance. This should be evidence-based and supported with relevant literature.
• c). How? - Outline how the dissertation is structured.
• Your double dissertation needs to be structured in chapters hence:
• CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND (1000 words) (Learning Outcomes 1 and 2)
• a). In this chapter, you need to discuss the topic under investigation drawing on appropriate literature which may include, for example, professional guidelines, policy documents, government reports and other published material such as journal articles not selected for inclusion (not included with the CASP TABLE) in in-depth analysis.
• b). Briefly highlight the key original research studies and guidelines related to your topic that have been published in reputable journals/sources in your field of practice.
• c). Explain and justify why the findings of the background studies indicate a need for your review of literature. In other words, analyse what already exists and the gaps in what is known that will be answered during your analysis of existing literature.
• d). Formulation of a research question
• i). Explain the process you followed to formulate your question using the PICO framework.
• ii). Explain the issue you are examining, its significance to your field of practice
• iii). Discuss, why the question you have formulated needs to be answered and the improvements that will result from the findings of the review of the literature.
• CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (1000 words) (Learning Outcomes 1, 2 and 3)
• Literature Search Strategies
• You need to identify the aims and objectives of the review and then discuss the Literature search strategy that you have used to retrieve the most relevant data for analysis.
• . i). Search terms.
• Provide details of the ‘terms’ you used to search for the literature.
• ii). Inclusion Criteria
• c. Discuss the process you followed in order to identify the research papers/relevant literature you have selected. You need to demonstrate that you have appraised the
• iii). Exclusion criteria. Briefly outline the type of studies that were excluded in your search provide a rationale for the criteria.
• iv). Relevant sources. Identify the sources you searched; such as, the details of the databases you used with a brief rationale. Briefly discuss the range of materials that were observed during the search.
• d) Data Extraction:
• Discuss how you extracted data from your articles. Clearly discuss the tool you used (for example, Timmins and McCabe (2005)). Ensure that the data you extract includes: research aims or hypothesis, research design, sampling, participants, data collection methods, reliability and validity considerations, how data were analysed, findings and their interpretations, ethical considerations and limitations of the studies.
• i). Data extraction table needs to be included. Identify the emerging themes. e. Discuss your approach to synthesis, for example, narrative synthesis. Give a rationale for your approach to synthesis.
• CHAPTER 3: FINDING (600 words) (Learning Outcomes 3 and 4)
• a). Briefly discuss the literature obtained and confidently distinguish between the different types of evidence.
• b). Analyse the key findings or key themes that emerged from the studies under review, highlighting how this relates to your formulated question.
• CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSION/ANALYSIS OF THE EVIDENCES (3500 words). (Learning Outcomes 1, 2, and 4)
• In this section, you need to critically analyse the knowledge, health promotion and public health practice gaps evident from the analysis of the evidences and discuss the actions needed to address these in order to enhance public health deliveries.
• CHAPTER 5:
• EMERGING THEMES (600 words) (Learning outcome 3 and 4).
• You need to focus on analysis of the key emerging themes from the selected evidences and how they relate to the service delivery.
• CHAPTER 6:. RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION (Learning outcome 4).
• a). Make recommendations on what needs to be done in light of your findings (500 words) based on up to date and valid evidences.
• b). Demonstrate a consideration of how you will effectively communicate your review findings to influence service delivery or practice.
• C) Conclusion (400 words).
• i). Summarise the key leaning points that have emerged from your analysis of the evidences.
• ii). Reflect on how these findings might influence your future health promotion and public health delivery.
• REFERENCE LIST:
• Appropriate referencing is an important element of academic writing. Ensure that you have used the most up-to-date referencing guide available from the library. Please be aware that the referencing guide is regularly updated.
• APPENDIX
• Make sure you include the CASP Table containing summary of the evidences analysed to answer the research question or hypothesis. Since this is marked as part of your DD, you MUST make sure that you re-phrase its content to reduce similarity Index.
• Structuring and Writing Dissertation
• What is a Dissertation?...
• A dissertation is an extended piece of writing, usually divided into chapters and containing a detailed exploration of evidence.
• It must be underpinned throughout by an awareness of relevant theory - your argument should be placed within the context of existing theory relevant to the subject.
• You must present a clear argument related to a narrowly defined topic rather than simply collecting and presenting the literature.
• The dissertation should have a clear structure and framework.
• • Ensure that your dissertation is well academically presented:
• - Good spelling, grammar and punctuation
• - Consistent and logical formatting, headings & subheadings
• - Ariel, font size 11, double spaced
• • Write with accuracy and elegance.
• • Remember to check the accuracy and style of your own writing.
• • Communicate as clearly as possible, in a style appropriate for serious academic work but avoid the use of difficult sentence constructions wherever possible.
• Acknowledgements
• Content
• Abstract
• Chapter 1
• A title page
• Background
• Chapter 2
• Methodology
• Chapter 3
• Analysis of evidences
• Chapter 4
• Emerging themes
• Chapter 5
• Recommendation and conclusion
• References
• Appendices
•


• Your completed dissertation should demonstrate achievement of your module learning outcomes, it is therefore very important that you clearly understand the learning outcomes being tested and how your dissertation clearly meets them.
• research, utilising criteria such as
• Critically evaluate a range of social consistence with evidence, logic, reliability and validity.
• Construct reasoned argument in analysing the contribution of competing theories and methodological approaches to investigations and explanations of issues and/or ‘problems’ and propose novel formulations of ideas.
• This should clearly identify the title of your dissertation, which indicates the topic of enquiry, the programme, your student number and date of submission.
• Title Page
• Acknowledgement.
• This section contains acknowledgement for those who have been supportive during your double dissertation.
• This is where you appreciate the support those who have supported you throughout the writing of your double dissertation.

• The abstract should be brief (approximately 250 words) and provide a complete overview of your work. In particular, it should contain the following: -
• The aim.
• Background (justification for your study) context of the literature review
• Methodology
• Overview of your search strategy.
• Key findings of your research.
• Recommendations for practice and any limitations to the work
• Conclusion.


• This section needs to consist of the following: -
• List the sections to be addressed and put the page numbers in.
• Please ensure you put page numbers on all your pages.
• Abbreviations
• You can use this section to demonstrate any abbreviations that are less familiar to the readers.
• The introduction must clearly state the topic, aims, objectives and justification for your literature review.
• You should briefly define what a literature review is, explaining the significance and relevance of your health promotion and public health related topic and the contribution your work will make to the subject area.
• There should also be a brief outline of the areas that will be addressed throughout the literature review (as well as the key issues to be developed, how and when).

• This should build upon the introduction to provide the background to the topic and places it in context in relation to current theory and practice.
• The background must demonstrate a detailed awareness of the subject area and relevant literature in order for you to clearly indicate why your issue, question, problem has been identified and is credible public health issue.
• You need to identify key points from the literature, which leads to the development of your question/ issue and provides a rationale for your literature search.
• A wide range of literature, including, the latest relevant guidelines, research or seminal work should be critically reviewed here.
• Clearly state your research question here including any aims and objectives.
• You also need to state your PICO.
• Search Strategy (methodology).
• You should highlight how your topic/question links to the PICO framework and then a brief overview of your search strategy should be presented identifying key search words, dates, databases used, inclusion and exclusion criteria and the rationale for the selection of the final research papers.
• The results of the literature search should be presented clearly indicating the number and type of research papers (quantitative, qualitative) and other literature or guidelines, which will be used to address the aims and objectives of the literature review.
• The primary research papers should be presented in a table format (and listed in the reference list), the other literature utilised does not need to go in a table format and can just be placed in the reference list.
•


• Inclusion Criteria
• Clearly detail your inclusion criteria, taking into account the key elements of academic writing and the tested learning outcomes.
• You need to familiarise yourself with double dissertation guidelines as well as the MSG content as these all relate to the criteria expected of you.
• Your inclusion criteria MUST be supported by up to date and credible evidences.
• Exclusion Criteria
• Like inclusion, you MUST be very clear about the criteria you have used to exclude the evidences.
• These MUST be supported with extensive valid and relevant literatures to meet the learning outcomes.
• The nature of databases and evidences excluded must be clearly detailed and justified.
• Flow chart
• You can include a flow chart to demonstrate your inclusion and exclusion process.



CASP TABLE TO CONTAIN THE SIX ATTICLES

Author
(Date) Journal Type of Study Purpose Design Data Collection Key Findings















• REFERENCES

• Aveyard, H., (2007) Doing a literature review in health and social care. A practical guide. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Chapter 5: How do I critically appraise the literature? p. 75-106.
• Baillie, L. & Black, S. (2015) Professional Values in Nursing. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
• Beauchamp, T.L. & Childress, J.F. (2012). Principles of Biomedical Ethics. (7th ed.) New York: Oxford University Press
• Bowling, A. (2014) Research methods in health: investigating health and health services. (4th ed.) Maidenhead: Open University Press.
• Cottrell S., (2014) Dissertations and Project Reports: A step by step guide. Palgrave Study Skills. Basingstoke.
• Cowan, D (2009) Research Issues in health and social care. Keswick, UK: M&K Update (Online resource)
• Gerrish, K. & Lacey, A. (2010) The Research Process in Nursing. (6th ed.) Chichester, UK: Wiley Blackwell (Online resource)
• Gerrish, K. & Lathleen, (2015) The Research process in Nursing. (7th ed.) Chichester, UK: Wiley Blackwell.
• Greenhalgh, T. (2010) How to Read a Paper: The Basics of Evidence-Based Medicine(4thedn). London: BMJ Publishing. Chapters 1-5.
• Greenhalgh, T. (2014) How to Read a Paper: the basics of evidence - based medicine (4th ed.) Chichester, UK: Wiley Blackwell. (Online resource)
• Leathard, A. & McLaren, S. (2007) Ethics: contemporary challenges in health and social care. Bristol: Policy Press (Online resource)
• LoBiondo-Wood, G. & Haber, J. (2014) Nursing Research: methods and critical appraisal for evidence - based practice. (8th ed.) St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier
• Parahoo, K. (2014) Nursing: research, principles, process and issues. (3rd ed.) London: Macmillan
• Polit, D.F. & Beck, C.T. (2014) Study Guide for Essentials of Nursing Research: appraising evidence for nursing. (8th ed.) Philadelphia: Wotters Kluwer/Lippincott/Williams & Wilkins Health
• Whittaker, A. (2012) Research Skills for Social Workers. (2nd ed.) London: Learning Matters.

• Recommended Reading List
• Donaldson L. J. and Scally, G. (2009) Donaldson’s Essential Public Health. 3rd ed. Oxford: Radcliffe

• Merrill,R (2010): Introduction to Epidemiology. 5th. Ed. London: Jones & Bartlett

• Baggott R. (2012) Public Health: Policy and Politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan


• DH (2011). No health without mental health. London: DH

• DH (2010) Public Health, healthy people. London: DH

• DH [2010] Healthy lives, healthy people. London: DH

• DH [2009]. Health Action Planning and Health Facilitation for people with learning disabilities: good practice guidance. London: DH.


• DH [2008] The child health promotion programme. London: DH.

• Gottwald M. and Goodman-Brown J. (2012) A Guide to Practical Health Promotion. Maidenhead: OU Press

• Hoghton M [2011] A Step by Step Guide for GP Practices: Annual Health Checks for People with a Learning Disability. London: RCGP.

• Linsley P et al [eds] [2011] Nursing for Public Health – Promotion, principles and practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

• Parker, R. and Sommer, M. (2011) Routledge Handbook of Global Public Health Routledge

• Websites and Journals.

• Baggot R. (2012) Policy Success and Public Health: The case of public health. Journal of Social Policy, 41(2), pp. 391-408

• European Public Healthhttp://ec.europa.eu/health/index_en.htm


• Cottrell S., (2014) Dissertations and Project Reports: A step by step guide. Palgrave Study Skills. Basingstoke.
• Whittaker, A. (2012) Research Skills for Social Workers. (2nd ed.) London: Learning Matters

• Greenhalgh, T. (2010) How to Read a Paper: The Basics of Evidence-Based Medicine (4thedn). London: BMJ Publishing. Chapters 1-5
• Aveyard, H., (2007) Doing a literature review in health and social care. A practical guide. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Chapter 5: How do I critically appraise the literature? p. 75-106.

• Jolley, J. (2013) Introducing research and evidence based practice for nursing and healthcare professionals. 2nd ed. Harlow: Pearson

• Hannes K. Chapter 4: Critical appraisal of qualitative research. In: Noyes J, Booth A, Hannes K, Harden A, Harris J, Lewin S, Lockwood C (editors), Supplementary Guidance for Inclusion of Qualitative Research in Cochrane Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Version 1 (updated August 2011). Cochrane Collaboration Qualitative Methods Group, 2011. Available from URL http://cqrmg.cochrane.org/supplemental-handbook-guidance
• Aveyard, H., (2007) Doing a literature review in health and social care. A practical guide. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Chapter 5: How do I critically appraise the literature? p. 75-106



• Websites:

• Faculty of Public Health www.fph.org.uk ;
• WHO http://www.who.int/whr/2007/en/index.html

• Public Health England, Health Observatories - http://www.apho.org.uk/
• European Public Health http://ec.europa.eu/health/index_en.htm

• Marmot, M (2010) Fair Society, healthy Lives: Strategic Review of health Inequalities in England post 2010www.marmotreview.org